DireTimes.h

// DireTimes.h is a part of the PYTHIA event generator.
// Copyright (C) 2020 Stefan Prestel, Torbjorn Sjostrand.
// PYTHIA is licenced under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING for details.
// Please respect the MCnet Guidelines, see GUIDELINES for details.

// Header file for the timelike final-state showers.
// DireTimesEnd: data on a radiating dipole end.
// DireTimes: handles the showering description.

#ifndef Pythia8_DireTimes_H
#define Pythia8_DireTimes_H

#define DIRE_TIMES_VERSION "2.002"

#include "Pythia8/Basics.h"
#include "Pythia8/TimeShower.h"
#include "Pythia8/BeamParticle.h"
#include "Pythia8/ProcessLevel.h"
#include "Pythia8/Event.h"
#include "Pythia8/Info.h"
#include "Pythia8/ParticleData.h"
#include "Pythia8/PartonSystems.h"
#include "Pythia8/PythiaStdlib.h"
#include "Pythia8/Settings.h"
#include "Pythia8/StandardModel.h"
#include "Pythia8/UserHooks.h"
#include "Pythia8/MergingHooks.h"

#include "Pythia8/DireBasics.h"
#include "Pythia8/DireSplittingLibrary.h"
#include "Pythia8/DireWeightContainer.h"

namespace Pythia8 {

//==========================================================================

// Data on radiating dipole ends; only used inside DireTimes class.

class DireTimesEnd {

public:

  // Constructors.
  DireTimesEnd() : iRadiator(-1), iRecoiler(-1), pTmax(0.), colType(0),
    chgType(0), gamType(0), weakType(0), isrType(0), system(0), systemRec(0),
    MEtype(0), iMEpartner(-1), weakPol(0), isOctetOnium(false),
    isHiddenValley(false), colvType(0), MEmix(0.), MEorder(true),
    MEsplit(true), MEgluinoRec(false), isFlexible(false), flavour(0), iAunt(0),
    idRadAft(0), idEmtAft(0) {
    mRad = m2Rad = mRec = m2Rec = mDip = m2Dip = m2DipCorr = pT2 = m2 = z
         = mFlavour = asymPol = flexFactor = phi = 0.;
    sa1  = xa = phia1 = pT2start = pT2stop = pT2Old = 0.;
  }

  DireTimesEnd(int iRadiatorIn, int iRecoilerIn, double pTmaxIn = 0.,
    int colIn = 0, int chgIn = 0, int gamIn = 0, int weakTypeIn = 0,
    int isrIn = 0, int systemIn = 0, int MEtypeIn = 0, int iMEpartnerIn = -1,
    int weakPolIn = 0, bool isOctetOniumIn = false,
    DireSingleColChain iSiblingsIn = DireSingleColChain(),
    bool isHiddenValleyIn = false,
    int colvTypeIn = 0, double MEmixIn = 0.,
    bool MEorderIn = true, bool MEsplitIn = true, bool MEgluinoRecIn = false,
    bool isFlexibleIn = false, int idRadAftIn = 0, int idEmtAftIn = 0,
    vector<int> iSpectatorIn = vector<int>(),
    vector<double> massIn = vector<double>(),
    vector<int> allowedIn = vector<int>() ) :
    iRadiator(iRadiatorIn), iRecoiler(iRecoilerIn), pTmax(pTmaxIn),
    colType(colIn), chgType(chgIn), gamType(gamIn), weakType(weakTypeIn),
    isrType(isrIn), system(systemIn), systemRec(systemIn), MEtype(MEtypeIn),
    iMEpartner(iMEpartnerIn), weakPol(weakPolIn), isOctetOnium(isOctetOniumIn),
    isHiddenValley(isHiddenValleyIn), colvType(colvTypeIn), MEmix(MEmixIn),
    MEorder (MEorderIn), MEsplit(MEsplitIn), MEgluinoRec(MEgluinoRecIn),
    isFlexible(isFlexibleIn), flavour(0), iAunt(0), mass(massIn),
    idRadAft(idRadAftIn), idEmtAft(idEmtAftIn), iSpectator(iSpectatorIn),
    allowedEmissions(allowedIn), iSiblings(iSiblingsIn) {
    mRad = m2Rad = mRec = m2Rec = mDip = m2Dip = m2DipCorr = pT2 = m2 = z
         = mFlavour = asymPol = flexFactor = phi = 0.;
    sa1  = xa = phia1 = 0.;
    pT2start = pT2stop = pT2Old = 0.;
  }

  DireTimesEnd( const DireTimesEnd& dip )
    : iRadiator(dip.iRadiator), iRecoiler(dip.iRecoiler), pTmax(dip.pTmax),
    colType(dip.colType), chgType(dip.chgType), gamType(dip.gamType),
    weakType(dip.weakType), isrType(dip.isrType), system(dip.system),
    systemRec(dip.systemRec), MEtype(dip.MEtype), iMEpartner(dip.iMEpartner),
    weakPol(dip.weakPol), isOctetOnium(dip.isOctetOnium),
    isHiddenValley(dip.isHiddenValley), colvType(dip.colvType),
    MEmix(dip.MEmix), MEorder(dip.MEorder), MEsplit(dip.MEsplit),
    MEgluinoRec(dip.MEgluinoRec), isFlexible(dip.isFlexible),
    flavour(dip.flavour), iAunt(dip.iAunt),
    mRad(dip.mRad), m2Rad(dip.m2Rad), mRec(dip.mRec), m2Rec(dip.m2Rec),
    mDip(dip.mDip), m2Dip(dip.m2Dip), m2DipCorr(dip.m2DipCorr), pT2(dip.pT2),
    m2(dip.m2), z(dip.z), mFlavour(dip.mFlavour), asymPol(dip.asymPol),
    flexFactor(dip.flexFactor), phi(dip.phi), pT2start(dip.pT2start),
    pT2stop(dip.pT2stop), pT2Old(dip.pT2Old), sa1(dip.sa1), xa(dip.xa),
    phia1(dip.phia1), mass(dip.mass), idRadAft(dip.idRadAft),
    idEmtAft(dip.idEmtAft), iSpectator(dip.iSpectator),
    allowedEmissions(dip.allowedEmissions), iSiblings(dip.iSiblings) {}

  DireTimesEnd & operator=(const DireTimesEnd& t) { if (this != &t)
    { iRadiator = t.iRadiator; iRecoiler = t.iRecoiler; pTmax = t.pTmax;
      colType = t.colType; chgType = t.chgType; gamType = t.gamType;
      weakType = t.weakType; isrType = t.isrType; system = t.system;
      systemRec = t.systemRec; MEtype = t.MEtype; iMEpartner = t.iMEpartner;
      weakPol = t.weakPol; isOctetOnium = t.isOctetOnium;
      isHiddenValley = t.isHiddenValley; colvType = t.colvType;
      MEmix = t.MEmix; MEorder = t.MEorder; MEsplit = t.MEsplit;
      MEgluinoRec = t.MEgluinoRec; isFlexible = t.isFlexible;
      flavour = t.flavour; iAunt = t.iAunt;
      mRad = t.mRad; m2Rad = t.m2Rad; mRec = t.mRec; m2Rec = t.m2Rec;
      mDip = t.mDip; m2Dip = t.m2Dip; m2DipCorr = t.m2DipCorr; pT2 = t.pT2;
      m2 = t.m2; z = t.z; mFlavour = t.mFlavour; asymPol = t.asymPol;
      flexFactor = t.flexFactor; phi = t.phi; pT2start = t.pT2start;
      pT2stop = t.pT2stop; pT2Old = t.pT2Old; sa1 = t.sa1; xa = t.xa;
      phia1 = t.phia1; mass = t.mass; idRadAft = t.idRadAft;
      idEmtAft = t.idEmtAft; iSpectator = t.iSpectator;
      allowedEmissions = t.allowedEmissions; iSiblings = t.iSiblings;}
    return *this; }

  // Basic properties related to dipole and matrix element corrections.
  int    iRadiator, iRecoiler;
  double pTmax;
  int    colType, chgType, gamType, weakType, isrType, system, systemRec,
         MEtype, iMEpartner, weakPol;
  bool   isOctetOnium, isHiddenValley;
  int    colvType;
  double MEmix;
  bool   MEorder, MEsplit, MEgluinoRec, isFlexible;

  // Properties specific to current trial emission.
  int    flavour, iAunt;
  double mRad, m2Rad, mRec, m2Rec, mDip, m2Dip, m2DipCorr,
         pT2, m2, z, mFlavour, asymPol, flexFactor, phi, pT2start, pT2stop,
         pT2Old;

  // Properties of 1->3 splitting.
  double sa1, xa,  phia1;

  // Stored masses.
  vector<double> mass;

  int idRadAft, idEmtAft;

  // Extended list of recoilers.
  vector<int> iSpectator;
  // List of allowed emissions (to avoid double-counting, since one
  // particle can be part of many different dipoles.
  void appendAllowedEmt( int id) {
    if ( find(allowedEmissions.begin(), allowedEmissions.end(), id)
      == allowedEmissions.end() ) allowedEmissions.push_back(id);
  }
  void removeAllowedEmt( int id) {
    if ( find(allowedEmissions.begin(), allowedEmissions.end(), id)
      != allowedEmissions.end() ) allowedEmissions.erase (
      remove(allowedEmissions.begin(), allowedEmissions.end(), id),
      allowedEmissions.end());
  }
  void clearAllowedEmt() { allowedEmissions.resize(0); }
  vector<int> allowedEmissions;
  bool canEmit() { return int(allowedEmissions.size() > 0); }

  void init(const Event& state) {
    mRad   = state[iRadiator].m();
    mRec   = state[iRecoiler].m();
    mDip   = sqrt( abs(2. * state[iRadiator].p() * state[iRecoiler].p()));
    m2Rad  = pow2(mRad);
    m2Rec  = pow2(mRec);
    m2Dip  = pow2(mDip);
  }

  void list() const {
    // Header.
    cout << "\n --------  Begin DireTimesEnd Listing  ----------------"
         << "------------------------------------------------------- \n \n  "
         << "  rad    rec       pTmax  col  parent1  parent2   isr"
         << "  sys sysR type  MErec    pol    m2      allowedIds\n"
         << fixed << setprecision(3);
    cout << scientific << setprecision(4)
      << setw(7) << iRadiator
      << setw(7) << iRecoiler
      << setw(12)<< pTmax
      << setw(5) << colType
      << setw(5) << isrType
      << setw(5) << system      << setw(5) << systemRec
      << setw(5) << MEtype      << setw(7) << iMEpartner
      << setw(5) << weakPol
      << setw(12) << m2Dip;
    for (int j = 0; j < int(allowedEmissions.size()); ++j)
      cout << setw(5) << allowedEmissions[j] << " ";
    cout << endl;
   // Done.
    cout << "\n --------  End DireTimesEnd Listing  ------------"
         << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
  }

  DireSingleColChain iSiblings;
  void setSiblings(DireSingleColChain s) { clearSiblings(); iSiblings = s; }
  void clearSiblings() { iSiblings.clear(); }

  friend bool operator==(const DireTimesEnd& dip1, const DireTimesEnd& dip2);

};

//==========================================================================

// The DireTimes class does timelike showers.

class DireTimes : public TimeShower {

public:

  // Constructor.
  DireTimes() {}

  DireTimes( MergingHooksPtr mergingHooksPtrIn, PartonVertexPtr ) {
    mergingHooksPtr   = mergingHooksPtrIn;
    beamOffset = 0;
    userHooksPtr      = 0;
    splittingsPtr     = 0;
    weights           = 0;
    direInfoPtr       = 0;
    printBanner       = true;
    isInitSave        = false;
    usePDFalphas      = false;
    usePDF            = true;
    useSystems        = true;
    suppressLargeMECs = false;
  }

  // Destructor.
  virtual ~DireTimes() {}

  // Initialize alphaStrong and related pTmin parameters.
  virtual void init( BeamParticle* beamAPtrIn = 0,
    BeamParticle* beamBPtrIn = 0);

  bool initSplits() {
    if (splittingsPtr) splits = splittingsPtr->getSplittings();
    return (splits.size() > 0);
  }

  // Initialize various pointers.
  // (Separated from rest of init since not virtual.)
  void reinitPtr(Info* infoPtrIn, MergingHooksPtr mergingHooksPtrIn,
    DireSplittingLibrary* splittingsPtrIn, DireInfo* direInfoPtrIn) {
       infoPtr       = infoPtrIn;
       settingsPtr      = infoPtr->settingsPtr;
       particleDataPtr  = infoPtr->particleDataPtr;
       rndmPtr          = infoPtr->rndmPtr;
       partonSystemsPtr = infoPtr->partonSystemsPtr;
       userHooksPtr     = infoPtr->userHooksPtr;
       mergingHooksPtr  = mergingHooksPtrIn;
       splittingsPtr    = splittingsPtrIn;
       direInfoPtr      = direInfoPtrIn;
  }

  void initVariations();

  // Reset parton shower.
  void clear();

  void setWeightContainerPtr(DireWeightContainer* weightsIn) {
    weights = weightsIn;}

  // Find whether to limit maximum scale of emissions, and whether to dampen.
  virtual bool limitPTmax( Event& event, double Q2Fac = 0.,
    double Q2Ren = 0.);

  // Potential enhancement factor of pTmax scale for hardest emission.
  virtual double enhancePTmax() { return pTmaxFudge;}

  // Top-level routine to do a full time-like shower in resonance decay.
  virtual int shower( int iBeg, int iEnd, Event& event, double pTmax,
    int nBranchMax = 0);

  // Top-level routine for QED radiation in hadronic decay to two leptons.
  virtual int showerQED( int i1, int i2, Event& event, double pTmax);

  // Global recoil: reset counters and store locations of outgoing partons.
  virtual void prepareGlobal( Event&);

  // Prepare system for evolution after each new interaction; identify ME.
  virtual void prepare( int iSys, Event& event, bool limitPTmaxIn = true);

  // Finalize event after evolution.
  void finalize( Event& event);

  // Update dipole list after a multiparton interactions rescattering.
  virtual void rescatterUpdate( int iSys, Event& event);

  // Update dipole list after each ISR emission.
  virtual void update( int iSys, Event& event, bool = false);

  // Update dipole list after final-final splitting.
  void updateAfterFF( int iSysSelNow, int iSysSelRec,
    Event& event, int iRadBef, int iRecBef, int iRad, int iEmt, int iRec,
    int flavour, int colType, double pTsel);

  // Update dipole list after final-final splitting.
  void updateAfterFI( int iSysSelNow, int iSysSelRec,
    Event& event, int iRadBef, int iRecBef, int iRad, int iEmt, int iRec,
    int flavour, int colType, double pTsel, double xNew);

  // Select next pT in downwards evolution. Wrapper function inherited from
  // Pythia.
  virtual double pTnext( Event& event, double pTbegAll, double pTendAll,
    bool = false, bool = false);
  double newPoint( const Event& event);
  // Setup branching kinematics.
  virtual bool branch( Event& event, bool = false);
  bool branch_FF( Event& event, bool = false,
    DireSplitInfo* split = NULL);
  bool branch_FI( Event& event, bool = false,
    DireSplitInfo* split = NULL);

  pair < Vec4, Vec4 > decayWithOnshellRec( double zCS, double yCS, double phi,
    double m2Rec, double m2RadAft, double m2EmtAft,
    Vec4 pRadBef, Vec4 pRecBef);
  pair < Vec4, Vec4 > decayWithOffshellRec( double zCS, double yCS, double phi,
    double m2RadBef, double m2RadAft, double m2EmtAft,
    Vec4 pRadBef, Vec4 pRecBef);

  bool getHasWeaklyRadiated() {return false;}
  // Tell which system was the last processed one.
  int system() const {return iSysSel;};

  // Setup clustering kinematics.
  virtual Event clustered( const Event& state, int iRad, int iEmt, int iRec,
    string name) {
    pair <Event, pair<int,int> > reclus
      = clustered_internal(state, iRad, iEmt, iRec, name);
    if (reclus.first.size() > 0)
      reclus.first[0].mothers(reclus.second.first,reclus.second.second);
    return reclus.first;
  }
  pair <Event, pair<int,int> > clustered_internal( const Event& state,
    int iRad, int iEmt, int iRec, string name);
  bool cluster_FF( const Event& state, int iRad,
    int iEmt, int iRec, int idRadBef, Particle& radBef, Particle& recBef);
  bool cluster_FI( const Event& state, int iRad,
    int iEmt, int iRec, int idRadBef, Particle& radBef, Particle& recBef);

  // From Pythia version 8.215 onwards no longer virtual.
  double pT2Times ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec) {
    if (rec.isFinal()) return pT2_FF(rad,emt,rec);
    return pT2_FI(rad,emt,rec);
  }

  double pT2_FF ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec);
  double pT2_FI ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec);

  // From Pythia version 8.215 onwards no longer virtual.
  double zTimes ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec) {
    if (rec.isFinal()) return z_FF(rad,emt,rec);
    return z_FI(rad,emt,rec);
  }

  double z_FF ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec);
  double z_FI ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec);
  double z_FF_fromVec ( const Vec4& rad, const Vec4& emt, const Vec4& rec);

  double m2dipTimes ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec) {
    if (rec.isFinal()) return m2dip_FF(rad,emt,rec);
    return m2dip_FI(rad,emt,rec);
  }

  double m2dip_FF ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec);
  double m2dip_FI ( const Particle& rad, const Particle& emt,
    const Particle& rec);

  // From Pythia version 8.218 onwards.
  // Return the evolution variable.
  // Usage: getStateVariables( const Event& event,  int iRad, int iEmt,
  //                   int iRec, string name)
  // Important note:
  // - This map must contain an entry for the shower evolution variable,
  //   specified with key "t".
  // - This map must contain an entry for the shower evolution variable from
  //   which the shower would be restarted after a branching. This entry
  //   must have key "tRS",
  // - This map must contain an entry for the argument of \alpha_s used
  //   for the branching. This entry must have key "scaleAS".
  // - This map must contain an entry for the argument of the PDFs used
  //   for the branching. This entry must have key "scalePDF".
  virtual map<string, double> getStateVariables (const Event& state,
    int rad, int emt, int rec, string name);

  // From Pythia version 8.215 onwards.
  // Check if attempted clustering is handled by timelike shower
  // Usage: isTimelike( const Event& event,  int iRad, int iEmt,
  //                   int iRec, string name)
  virtual bool isTimelike(const Event& state, int iRad, int, int, string)
    { return state[iRad].isFinal(); }

  // From Pythia version 8.215 onwards.
  // Return a string identifier of a splitting.
  // Usage: getSplittingName( const Event& event, int iRad, int iEmt, int iRec)
  virtual vector<string> getSplittingName( const Event& state, int iRad,
    int iEmt, int)
    { return splittingsPtr->getSplittingName(state,iRad,iEmt); }

  // From Pythia version 8.215 onwards.
  // Return the splitting probability.
  // Usage: getSplittingProb( const Event& event, int iRad, int iEmt, int iRec)
  virtual double getSplittingProb( const Event& state, int iRad,
    int iEmt, int iRec, string name);

  virtual bool allowedSplitting( const Event& state, int iRad, int iEmt);

  virtual vector<int> getRecoilers( const Event& state, int iRad, int iEmt,
    string name);

  virtual double getCoupling( double mu2Ren, string name) {
    if (splits.find(name) != splits.end())
      return splits[name]->coupling(-1.,mu2Ren, 0., 1.);
    return 1.;
  }

  bool isSymmetric( string name, const Particle* rad, const Particle* emt) {
    if (splits.find(name) != splits.end())
      return splits[name]->isSymmetric(rad,emt);
    return false;
  }

  // Auxiliary function to return the position of a particle.
  // Should go int Event class eventually!
  int FindParticle( const Particle& particle, const Event& event,
    bool checkStatus = true );

  // Print dipole list; for debug mainly.
  virtual void list() const;

  Event makeHardEvent( int iSys, const Event& state, bool isProcess = false );

  // Check that particle has sensible momentum.
  bool validMomentum( const Vec4& p, int id, int status);

  // Check colour/flavour correctness of state.
  bool validEvent( const Event& state, bool isProcess = false,
    int iSysCheck = -1 );

  // Check that mother-daughter-relations are correctly set.
  bool validMotherDaughter( const Event& state );

  // Find index of colour partner for input colour.
  int FindCol(int col, vector<int> iExclude, const Event& event, int type,
    int iSys = -1);

  // Pointers to the two incoming beams.
  BeamParticle*  getBeamA () { return beamAPtr; }
  BeamParticle*  getBeamB () { return beamBPtr; }

  // Function to calculate the correct alphaS/2*Pi value, including
  // renormalisation scale variations + threshold matching.
  double alphasNow( double pT2, double renormMultFacNow = 1., int iSys = 0 );

  // Function to calculate the correct alphaEM/2*Pi value.
  double alphaemNow( double pT2, double renormMultFacNow = 1., int iSys = 0 );

  bool isInit() { return isInitSave; }

  // Function to calculate the absolute phase-sace boundary for emissions.
  double m2Max (int iDip, const Event& state) {
    if ( state[dipEnd[iDip].iRecoiler].isFinal()
      && state[dipEnd[iDip].iRadiator].isFinal())
      return dipEnd[iDip].m2Dip;
    int iSys = dipEnd[iDip].system;
    int inA = partonSystemsPtr->getInA(iSys);
    int inB = partonSystemsPtr->getInB(iSys);
    double x = 1.;
    int iRad(dipEnd[iDip].iRadiator), iRec(dipEnd[iDip].iRecoiler);
    if (hasPDF(state[iRad].id()) && iRad == inA)
      x *= state[inA].pPos() / state[0].m();
    if (hasPDF(state[iRad].id()) && iRad == inB)
      x *= state[inB].pNeg() / state[0].m();
    if (hasPDF(state[iRec].id()) && iRec == inA)
      x *= state[inA].pPos() / state[0].m();
    if (hasPDF(state[iRec].id()) && iRec == inB)
      x *= state[inB].pNeg() / state[0].m();
    return dipEnd[iDip].m2Dip/x;
  }

  bool dryrun;

private:

  friend class DireSplitting;
  friend class DireSpace;

  // Number of times the same error message is repeated, unless overridden.
  static const int TIMESTOPRINT;

  // Allow conversion from mb to pb.
  static const double CONVERTMB2PB;

  // Colour factors.
  //static const double CA, CF, TR, NC, LEPTONZMAX;
  static const double LEPTONZMAX;
  double CA, CF, TR, NC;

  // Store common beam quantities.
  int    idASave, idBSave;

protected:

  // Store properties to be returned by methods.
  int    iSysSel;
  double pTmaxFudge, pTLastBranch;

private:

  // Constants: could only be changed in the code itself.
  static const int MAXLOOPTINYPDF;
  static const double MCMIN, MBMIN, SIMPLIFYROOT, XMARGIN, XMARGINCOMB,
         TINYPDF, LARGEM2, THRESHM2, LAMBDA3MARGIN, TINYMASS, TINYOVERESTIMATE,
         PT2MIN_PDF_IN_OVERESTIMATE, PT2_INCREASE_OVERESTIMATE,
         KERNEL_HEADROOM;

  // Initialization data, normally only set once.
  bool   isInitSave, doQCDshower, doQEDshowerByQ, doQEDshowerByL,
         doMEcorrections, doMEafterFirst, doPhiPolAsym,
         doInterleave, allowBeamRecoil, dampenBeamRecoil, recoilToColoured,
         useFixedFacScale, allowRescatter, canVetoEmission, hasUserHooks,
         doSecondHard, alphaSuseCMW, printBanner, doTrialNow;
  int    pTmaxMatch, pTdampMatch, alphaSorder, alphaSnfmax, alphaEMorder,
         nGluonToQuark, nGammaToQuark, nGammaToLepton, nFinalMax,
         nFinalMaxMECs,kernelOrder, kernelOrderMPI, nMPI, asScheme;
  double pTdampFudge, mc, mb, m2c, m2b, renormMultFac, factorMultFac,
         fixedFacScale2, alphaSvalue, alphaS2pi, Lambda3flav, Lambda4flav,
         Lambda5flav, Lambda3flav2, Lambda4flav2, Lambda5flav2,
         pTcolCutMin, pTcolCut,
         pT2colCut, m2colCut, mTolErr, mZ, gammaZ, thetaW, mW, gammaW,
         pTmaxFudgeMPI, sumCharge2L, sumCharge2Q, sumCharge2Tot,
         pT2minVariations, pT2minEnhance, pT2minMECs, Q2minMECs, pT2recombine,
         m2cPhys, m2bPhys;
  double alphaS2piOverestimate;
  bool usePDFalphas, usePDFmasses, useSummedPDF, usePDF, useSystems,
       useMassiveBeams, suppressLargeMECs;

  double pTchgQCut, pT2chgQCut, pTchgLCut, pT2chgLCut;

  unordered_map<int,double> pT2cutSave;
  double pT2cut(int id) {
    if (pT2cutSave.find(id) != pT2cutSave.end()) return pT2cutSave[id];
    // Else return maximal value.
    double ret = 0.;
    for ( unordered_map<int,double>::iterator it = pT2cutSave.begin();
      it != pT2cutSave.end(); ++it ) ret = max(ret, it->second);
    return ret;
  }
  double pT2cutMax(DireTimesEnd* dip) {
    double ret = 0.;
    for (int i=0; i < int(dip->allowedEmissions.size()); ++i)
      ret = max( ret, pT2cut(dip->allowedEmissions[i]));
    return ret;
  }
  double pT2cutMin(DireTimesEnd* dip) {
    double ret = 1e15;
    for (int i=0; i < int(dip->allowedEmissions.size()); ++i)
      ret = min( ret, pT2cut(dip->allowedEmissions[i]));
    return ret;
  }

  bool doDecaysAsShower;

  // alphaStrong and alphaEM calculations.
  AlphaStrong alphaS;
  AlphaEM     alphaEM;

  // Some current values.
  bool   dopTlimit1, dopTlimit2, dopTdamp;
  double pT2damp, kRad, kEmt, pdfScale2;

  // All dipole ends and a pointer to the selected hardest dipole end.
  vector<DireTimesEnd> dipEnd;
  DireTimesEnd* dipSel;
  DireSplitInfo splitInfoSel;
  DireSplitting* splittingSel;
  int iDipSel;
  unordered_map<string,double> kernelSel, kernelNow;
  double auxSel, overSel, boostSel, auxNow, overNow, boostNow;

  double tinypdf( double x) {
    double xref = 0.01;
    return TINYPDF*log(1-x)/log(1-xref);
  }

  // Function to check if id is part of the incoming hadron state.
  bool hasPDF (int id) {
    if ( !usePDF )                          return false;
    if ( particleDataPtr->colType(id) != 0) return true;
    if ( particleDataPtr->isLepton(id)
      && settingsPtr->flag("PDF:lepton"))   return true;
    return false;
  }

  // Wrapper around PDF calls.
  double getXPDF( int id, double x, double t, int iSys = 0,
    BeamParticle* beam = NULL, bool finalRec = true, double z = 0.,
    double m2dip = 0.) {
    // Return one if no PDF should be used.
    if (!hasPDF(id)) return 1.0;
    // Else get PDF from beam particle.
    BeamParticle* b = beam;
    if (b == NULL) {
      if (beamAPtr != NULL || beamBPtr != NULL) {
        b = (beamAPtr != NULL && particleDataPtr->isHadron(beamAPtr->id()))
            ? beamAPtr
          : (beamBPtr != NULL && particleDataPtr->isHadron(beamBPtr->id()))
            ? beamBPtr : NULL;
      }
      if (b == NULL && beamAPtr != 0) beam = beamAPtr;
      if (b == NULL && beamBPtr != 0) beam = beamBPtr;
    }

    double scale2 = t;
    if (asScheme == 2 && z != 0. && finalRec) {
      double zcs = z;
      double xcs = m2dip * zcs * (1.-zcs) / (t + m2dip * zcs * (1.-zcs));
      scale2 = (1-zcs)*(1-xcs)/xcs/zcs*m2dip;
    }

    double ret =  (useSummedPDF) ? b->xf(id, x, scale2)
                                 : b->xfISR(iSys,id, x, scale2);
    // Done.
    return ret;
  }

  // Evolve a QCD dipole end near heavy quark threshold region.
  // Setup a dipole end, either QCD, QED/photon, weak or Hidden Valley one.
  void setupQCDdip( int iSys, int i, int colTag,  int colSign, Event& event,
    bool isOctetOnium = false, bool limitPTmaxIn = true);
  void getGenDip( int iSys, int i, int iRad, const Event& event,
    bool limitPTmaxIn, vector<DireTimesEnd>& dipEnds );
  void getQCDdip( int iRad, int colTag, int colSign, const Event& event,
    vector<DireTimesEnd>& dipEnds );
  void setupDecayDip( int iSys, int iRad, const Event& event,
    vector<DireTimesEnd>& dipEnds);

  // Function to set up and append a new dipole.
  bool appendDipole( const Event& state, int iRad, int iRec, double pTmax,
    int colType, int chgType, int gamType, int weakType, int isrType, int iSys,
    int MEtype, int iMEpartner, int weakPol, bool isOctetOnium,
    vector<DireTimesEnd>& dipEnds);

  vector<int> sharedColor(const Particle& rad, const Particle& rec);

  // Function to set up and append a new dipole.
  void updateDipoles(const Event& state, int iSys = -1);
  void checkDipoles(const Event& state);
  void saveSiblings(const Event& state, int iSys = -1);
  bool updateAllowedEmissions( const Event& state, DireTimesEnd* dip);
  bool appendAllowedEmissions( const Event& state, DireTimesEnd* dip);

  // Evolve a QCD dipole end.
  void pT2nextQCD( double pT2begDip, double pT2sel, DireTimesEnd& dip,
    Event& event, double pT2endForce = -1., double pT2freeze = 0.,
    bool forceBranching = false);
  bool pT2nextQCD_FF( double pT2begDip, double pT2sel, DireTimesEnd& dip,
    const Event& event, double pT2endForce = -1., double pT2freeze = 0.,
    bool forceBranching = false);
  bool pT2nextQCD_FI( double pT2begDip, double pT2sel, DireTimesEnd& dip,
    const Event& event, double pT2endForce = -1., double pT2freeze = 0.,
    bool forceBranching = false);

  double tNextQCD( DireTimesEnd*, double overestimateInt,
    double tOld, double tMin, double tFreeze=0., int algoType = 0);
  bool zCollNextQCD( DireTimesEnd* dip, double zMin, double zMax,
    double tMin = 0., double tMax = 0.);
  bool virtNextQCD( DireTimesEnd* dip, double tMin, double tMax,
    double zMin =-1., double zMax =-1.);

  // Function to determine how often the integrated overestimate should be
  // recalculated.
  double evalpdfstep(int idRad, double pT2, double m2cp = -1.,
    double m2bp = -1.) {
    double ret = 0.2;
    if (m2cp < 0.) m2cp = particleDataPtr->m0(4);
    if (m2bp < 0.) m2bp = particleDataPtr->m0(5);
    // More steps close to the thresholds.
    if ( abs(idRad) == 4 && pT2 < 1.2*m2cp && pT2 > m2cp) ret = 1.0;
    if ( abs(idRad) == 5 && pT2 < 1.2*m2bp && pT2 > m2bp) ret = 1.0;
    return ret;
  }

  DireSplittingLibrary* splittingsPtr;

  // Number of proposed splittings in hard scattering systems.
  unordered_map<int,int> nProposedPT;

  // Return headroom factors for integrated/differential overestimates.
  double overheadFactors(DireTimesEnd*, const Event&, string, double,
    double, double);
  double enhanceOverestimateFurther( string, int, double );
  double overheadFactorsMEC(const Event&, DireSplitInfo*, string);

  // Function to fill map of integrated overestimates.
  void getNewOverestimates( DireTimesEnd*, const Event&, double, double,
    double, double, multimap<double,string>&);

  // Function to sum all integrated overestimates.
  void addNewOverestimates( multimap<double,string>, double&);

  // Function to attach the correct alphaS weights to the kernels.
  void alphasReweight(double t, double talpha, int iSys, bool forceFixedAs,
    double& weight, double& fullWeight, double& overWeight,
    double renormMultFacNow);

  // Function to evaluate the accept-probability, including picking of z.
  void getNewSplitting( const Event&, DireTimesEnd*, double, double, double,
    double, double, int, string, bool, int&, int&, double&, double&,
    unordered_map<string,double>&, double&);

  pair<bool, pair<double,double> > getMEC ( const Event& state,
    DireSplitInfo* splitInfo);
  bool applyMEC ( const Event& state, DireSplitInfo* splitInfo,
    vector<Event> auxEvent = vector<Event>() );

  // Get particle masses.
  double getMass(int id, int strategy, double mass = 0.) {
    BeamParticle* beam = NULL;
    if (beamAPtr != NULL || beamBPtr != NULL) {
      beam = (beamAPtr != NULL && particleDataPtr->isHadron(beamAPtr->id()))
           ? beamAPtr
           : (beamBPtr != NULL && particleDataPtr->isHadron(beamBPtr->id()))
              ? beamBPtr : NULL;
    }
    bool usePDFmass = usePDFmasses
      && (toLower(settingsPtr->word("PDF:pSet")).find("lhapdf")
         != string::npos);
    double mRet = 0.;
    // Parton masses.
    if ( particleDataPtr->colType(id) != 0) {
      if (strategy == 1) mRet = particleDataPtr->m0(id);
      if (strategy == 2 &&  usePDFmass && beam != NULL)
        mRet = beam->mQuarkPDF(id);
      if (strategy == 2 && (!usePDFmass || beam == NULL))
        mRet = particleDataPtr->m0(id);
      if (strategy == 3) mRet = mass;
      if (mRet < TINYMASS) mRet = 0.;
    // Masses of other particles.
    } else {
      mRet = particleDataPtr->m0(id);
      if (strategy == 3) mRet = mass;
      if (mRet < TINYMASS) mRet = 0.;
    }
    return pow2(max(0.,mRet));
  }

  // Check if variables are in allowed phase space.
  bool inAllowedPhasespace(int kinType, double z, double pT2, double m2dip,
    double q2, double xOld, int splitType = 0, double m2RadBef = 0.,
    double m2r = 0., double m2s = 0., double m2e = 0.,
    vector<double> aux = vector<double>());

  // Auxiliary function to get number of flavours.
  double getNF(double pT2);

  // Auxiliary functions to get beta function coefficients.
  double beta0 (double NF)
    { return 11./6.*CA - 2./3.*NF*TR; }
  double beta1 (double NF)
    { return 17./6.*pow2(CA) - (5./3.*CA+CF)*NF*TR; }
  double beta2 (double NF)
    { return 2857./432.*pow(CA,3)
    + (-1415./216.*pow2(CA) - 205./72.*CA*CF + pow2(CF)/4.) *TR*NF
    + ( 79.*CA + 66.*CF)/108.*pow2(TR*NF); }

  // Identifier of the splitting
  string splittingNowName, splittingSelName;

  // Weighted shower book-keeping.
  unordered_map<string, map<double,double> > acceptProbability;
  unordered_map<string, multimap<double,double> > rejectProbability;

public:

  DireWeightContainer* weights;
  DireInfo* direInfoPtr;
  ProcessLevel processLevel;
  unordered_map<string, DireSplitting* > splits;
  vector<int> bornColors;

private:

  bool doVariations;

  // List of splitting kernels.
  //map<string, DireSplitting* > splits;
  unordered_map<string, double > overhead;
  void scaleOverheadFactor(string name, double scale) {
    overhead[name] *= scale;
    return;
  }
  void resetOverheadFactors() {
    for ( unordered_map<string,double>::iterator it = overhead.begin();
      it != overhead.end(); ++it )
      it->second = 1.0;
    return;
  }

  double octetOniumColFac;
  bool useLocalRecoilNow;

  // Map to store some settings, to be passes to splitting kernels.
  unordered_map<string,bool> bool_settings;

};

//==========================================================================

} // end namespace Pythia8

#endif // end Pythia8_DireTimes_H